Scientific Method Advanced Quiz 4
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Advanced Quiz 4
1. Which of the following is an example of observer bias?
A researcher’s expectations influence how they record data
Using a control group
Randomizing subjects
2. What is the main purpose of a pilot study?
To test and refine the design of a larger experiment
To publish results quickly
To avoid using controls
3. Which of these is an example of a scientific model?
A computer simulation of climate change
A guess about the weather
A random observation
4. What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Inductive reasoning builds generalizations from observations; deductive reasoning tests hypotheses based on general principles
They are the same
Deductive reasoning is always correct
5. What is the purpose of a literature review in scientific research?
To understand what is already known and identify gaps in knowledge
To avoid collecting new data
To publish faster
6. Which of these is an example of selection bias?
Choosing participants in a way that makes them unrepresentative of the population
Randomizing participants
Using a double-blind design
7. What is the difference between reliability and validity in research?
Reliability is consistency of results; validity is accuracy in measuring what is intended
They are the same
Validity means the results are always correct
8. What is the main advantage of a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?
It minimizes bias and allows for causal conclusions
It is faster to conduct
It always produces positive results
9. What is an outlier in data analysis?
A data point that is significantly different from others
A common measurement
A control variable
10. What is the main limitation of observational studies?
They cannot establish causation, only correlation
They are always unreliable
They use randomization
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